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Popular impressions of the imperial Japanese army still promote images of suicidal banzai charges and fanatical leaders blindly devoted to their emperor. Edward Drea looks well past those stereotypes to unfold the more complex story of how that army came to power and extended its influence at home and abroad to become one of the world's dominant fighting forces.
This first comprehensive English-language history of the Japanese army traces its origins, evolution, and impact as an engine of the country's regional and global ambitions and as a catalyst for the militarization of the Japanese homeland from mid-nineteenth-century incursions through the end of World War II. Demonstrating his mastery of Japanese-language sources, Drea explains how the Japanese style of warfare, burnished by samurai legends, shaped the army, narrowed its options, influenced its decisions, and made it the institution that conquered most of Asia. He also tells how the army's intellectual foundations shifted as it reinvented itself to fulfill the changing imperatives of Japanese society-and how the army in turn decisively shaped the nation's political, social, cultural, and strategic course.
Drea recounts how Japan devoted an inordinate amount of its treasury toward modernizing, professionalizing, and training its army which grew larger, more powerful, and politically more influential with each passing decade. Along the way, it produced an efficient military schooling system, a well-organized active duty and reserve force, a professional officer corps that thought in terms of regional threat, and well-trained soldiers armed with appropriate weapons.
Encompassing doctrine, strategy, weaponry, and civil-military relations, Drea's expert study also captures the dominant personalities who shaped the imperial army, from Yamagata Aritomo, an incisive geopolitical strategist, to Anami Korechika, who exhorted the troops to fight to the death during the final days of World War II. Summing up, Drea also suggests that an army that places itself above its nation's interests is doomed to failure.
- Sales Rank: #971436 in Books
- Published on: 2009-09-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 1.10" h x 6.40" w x 9.50" l, 1.54 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 444 pages
Review
"A persuasive, well balanced, and readable history that makes an important contribution to understanding not only prewar and wartime Japanese militarism but also its residues since the war." Akira Iriye, author of Power and Culture: The Japanese-American War, 1941-1945 "A sweeping survey, written in a forceful yet simple style, that will become the standard reference work in English for years to come." Theodore F. Cook, coauthor of Japan at War: An Oral History "Drea deserves his place as the chronicler and analyst of one of the most feared military forces of modern times." --Mark R. Peattie, author of Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power"
From the Back Cover
"A persuasive, well balanced, and readable history that makes an important contribution to understanding not only prewar and wartime Japanese militarism but also its residues since the war."--Akira Iriye, author of Power and Culture: The Japanese-American War, 1941-1945
"A sweeping survey, written in a forceful yet simple style, that will become the standard reference work in English for years to come."--Theodore F. Cook, coauthor of Japan at War: An Oral History
"Drea deserves his place as the chronicler and analyst of one of the most feared military forces of modern times."--Mark R. Peattie, author of Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power
About the Author
Edward J. Drea, recipient of the Society for Military History's Samuel Eliot Morison Award for lifetime achievement, is the author of MacArthur's ULTRA: Codebreaking and the War against Japan and In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Japanese Imperial Army.
Most helpful customer reviews
27 of 27 people found the following review helpful.
The definitive study of the Japanese Army
By W. D ONEIL
It has taken more than six decades after its fall, but at last we have a fine, well-written, well-informed English-language history of the army of imperial Japan. Given the central role that the Japanese Army played in the history of Japan and East Asia generally for half a century, it is remarkable that it has taken so long, but we can be thankful for the result.
The book is superbly balanced and remarkably inclusive. Military, political, social, and economic aspects -- they are all there. It is all somewhat more condensed than one might wish -- an editorial choice, no doubt, rather than any limitation of Drea's knowledge. But the bibliography and notes provide a comprehensive guide to sources both in Japanese and English.
This is a very accessible book. The author provides a framework of historical background that can guide readers not familiar with the details of Japan's history, but does so in a graceful fashion that will not get in the way of those who know Japan better. In particular, readers who simply want to understand the Asian part of World War II clearly should find it easy and fascinating reading.
There is absolutely no way to understand the history of modern Japan without understanding the Japanese Army, and no other book on the Japanese Army in English that can begin to compare with this one.
There is a book of more or less equivalent excellence about the Japanese Navy, Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. But the navy was never as central to Japanese strategy or politics as the army -- the army really drove the train and Drea tells us how. It is best to read this book first, and then go on to the navy.
With the Chinese sounding steadily more like Japan in the late 1920s, this book could scarcely be more timely.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Everything you want to know about the Japanese Imperial Army (IJA)
By Carrosio Roberto
I could begin this review saying that reading this book you will be able to understand why Japan has been able to win the first Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) and the Russo - Japanese War (1904-05) and to lose WWII, but this book gives you much more , indeed it gives the IJA's most complete history that you can possibli find.
The author explaines how happened the transition from the samurai's time to the imperial army, he gives you a complete account of all the rebellions and the attempted coups happened in the Japan's history since 1853.
At the same time the author follows the IJA's technogical and tactical evolutions.
He explaines how Japan got involved in the first Sino-Japanese War and how he won it, then he follows the birth and the development of the causes of the Russian-Japanese War and he shows all the problems and the failures met by the IJA before to effectively win this conflict.
Then coming near to WWII, he is able to show how the IJA and the IJN (Imperial Japanese Navy) were not able to agree which would have been to be considered the next Japan's "true" enemy, indeed the IJA was thinking about Soviet Union, and the IJN was thinking about the USA, and because of the fact that in Japan it had never existed a political or militar control about both IJA and IJN, this question has never been solved , bringing to the absurd situation that both of them wanted an huge budget to fight, each, their own "true" enemy.
So, Japan has been able to unify, even before the WWII's beginning in Europe, two groups very different groups of nations, as Soviet Union and USA and the British Empire, in an undeclared coalition against itself, when Japan began the long war against China (1931-1945).
The book is full of first hand accounts, because of the author's access to a lot of diaries; the maps are detailed and relevant.
The author brings to the discovery of an entire world, with its traditions, legends and myths.
Very, very interesting and charming.
14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
An Excellent Work on an Army Responsible only to Itself and its Emperor
By David M. Dougherty
This is an excellent, scholarly work, providing the American reader with an overview of the the history of the Japanese Army and its role in the rise of Japan from the Meiji restoration through World War II. My only criticism is that the book should have been three times as long as its 262 pages, since there were many subjects and incidents that needed to be expanded. Therefore, it must be considered as a comprehensive overview with many subjects to be expanded through further reading by those interested. Please do not take this to mean this work is introductory, however, it is much more than that. One might also read other works like the venerable "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword" by Ruth Benedict to more fully comprehend the Japanese culture that gave rise and support to the army.
Most history books pass over the Meiji Restoration as inevitable given the decadence of the Shogunate and the backwardness of Japan before Perry's appearance. Clearly, the restoration was by no means inevitable, and the military support given to it by two domains/provinces, Choshu and Satsuma, determined the makeup and leadership of the Army for many years thereafter. In Japanese culture, fighting was done by samurai, not by the common people, and indeed, it took some time before it was appreciated that individuals of common or humble origin could make good soldiers.
The pattern of brutality in the army arose out of the culture with the assumption that the common soldier needed to be brutalized to become a good fighting man. In addition, the army belonged to the emperor, not the country, and a militaristic spirit was taught to the soldiers as well as the people. This fighting spirit was supposedly able to trump all adversity, including material deficiencies, and as an outgrown of that, logistics and other service emements in the Japanese Army were neglected and often failed in fulfilling their roles.
Nonetheless, thirty-five years after the Meiji government began reorganizing the army, it was able to defeat a major European power, Russia. The text shows the difficulties in forming this army, which was more or less constantly in a state of re-organization the entire time. Officers were sent to French and German military schools for training, and European instructors were brought to Japan. Transforming small regional samurai forces relying on medieval weaponry into modern mass formations of trained common soldiers with substantial firepower and artillery was not easy to accomplish. But even by the Boxer Rebellion, Japanese detachments were proving their combat worth as equal to the Europeans.
This book does not focus on the Japanese Navy which underwent similar teething problems and development. The army greatly impacted Japanese politics as a separate force, and the Army Minister held a position of importance far above what a similar title held in the West. In addition, younger army officers were always capable of rebelling in the name of the Emperor and for the good of the state, usually paying with their lives for their actions. But Prime Ministers were assassinated, and the army was able to bully its opposition. On top of that, junior officers could even start wars, like they did at the Marco Polo Bridge. The army was simply a state unto itself, with the power to dominate the government and take the nation into war as desired.
Until after the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, the army leadership was undecided on whether it wanted Japan to be a regional power or a world power. Their preceived humiliation in the terms of Portsmouth led them to the latter course, a path that Japan had neither the population nor the material (including economic) resources to travel. Although the army prepared well for the next war with Russia, it became embroiled in a long war with China where their lack of population doomed their efforts at conquering China or winning a negotiated peace. Then the Navy pushed Japan into adopting a strategy of southern expansion -- a strategy for which the army was unprepared and could not fight. Although their armored formations were weak as compared to the Soviet Union's, the army had prepared for war with the Soviet Union rather than the United States. Against the US, their only chance was to cause the US sufficient casualties so that the American people would lose heart and call for their government to make peace (like they did over Vietnam.) Unfortunately for the Japanese, Pearl Harbor prevented that.
All in all, this is an excellent book, subject to the limitations given above. I recommend it to all those readers interested in Japan or World War II.
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